Glossary

Rune – Secret, whisper, mystery, an ancient alphabetic script of Germanic origin.
Runic Scripts - are nothing more and nothing less than a set of runes gathered together to combine the power of each rune into much more powerful “entity” -- the Script. Such runic scripts can be also called a magic spells, because in some way this will be the truth. Runic Scripts are form of spells, used mainly for creation of amulets and talismans, they serve as protective spells, or spells attracting love etc.
Transcribing Runes - What's the difference between "translating" and "transcribing"?
The act of changing words written in the modern alphabet into written runic words is called "transcribing", the process is known as "transcription", and the finished piece is called a "transcript". More explaining is below:

One of the big misconceptions is that runes are a language and one has to translate modern English (or indeed any other modern language) into runes before writing. But that is not the case. The runes are not in any language. They are simply a system of writing, so you can write any word you can say using runes instead of the letters of the modern Latin alphabet that we use to write English and many other modern languages. Just think of the runes as an alternative ancient alphabet called the Futhark of 24 runes instead of our alphabet of 26 letters. There is no need to "translate" anything as it will sound the same whatever writing system you use. Just as the letters we call English, Deutsche, Dansk, Nederlandse etc are not in any language because they are used by scores of languages. The original rune users did have their own different languages - Scythian, Etruscan, Teutonic, Saxon, Old Norse, and eventually old English or Anglo-Saxon. So there is no reason you can't use runes for any language you like, including modern Western languages such as English. The main thing to remember is that the runes are phonetic, in other words you write things the way they sound, not the way they are spelled. Because runes do not follow English spelling. Example: "Through" is written in runes as "Thru", the runemaker writes it the way he hears it.

Oracle – A source of wisdom, knowledge or prophecy, a piece of advice in the form of a puzzle or enigmatic statement.
Elder Futhark - The oldest and most commonly form of Runic script, of ancient Germanic origin. It comprises of 24 letters.
Anglo-Saxon / Anglo Frisian Futhorc - Runic Script from the British Isles, originating from the same source as the Elder Futhark. It has expanded to have as many as 33 runes in its script.
Younger (or Scandinavian) Futhark - A later version of the Elder Futhark, as the Runes spread northwards. The script here was reduced to only 16 Runes.
Aett – (Aettir plural) Family or groups; The three sections or groups of eight, in which the Runes are divided and categorized. The reason for this particular grouping still remains a mystery although there are a few theories, mostly esoterical, that touch on this.
The Eddas - A collection of ancient Norse writings, known as the Poetic Edda and the Prose (or Younger) Edda, which are the purest source of Nordic Mythology, illustrating the ideology and life of the early Germanic people.
The Upsala Codex - A significant parchment manuscript of the “Prose Edda”, which was written around 1220 CE. by Snorri Sturluson.
Hellerisninger - Carvings and paintings dating back to the Bronze Age, found in Scandinavia.
The Havam - Part of the Poetic Edda, it includes Odin’s advise to men called "The Words of the Most High"
Asatru - The religion of ancient Norse gods.
Norns - Norse goddesses of fate or Wyrd, who were responsible for the destiny of people and the gods. Urdh was the goddess of the past, Verdhandi the goddess of the present and Skuld the goddess of the future.
Wyrd – Fate or destiny created by the interconnectedness of all things and the outcomes of one’s actions and choices.
Gandr - Wand or Staff-Called a gandr in the Northern Tradition, the magical wand or staff is considered the most ancient of tools. It is used to move energy from one place to another, to create magical states of consciousness, and to set up sacred areas. It also bridges energies, tying them
together in specific patterns.
The wand or staff is painted or carved with all 24 runes or with specific runic formulas. Often made from wood of a fruit-bearing tree, the gandr can also be made from yew or ash. Associated with Odin, the earth element, and the north direction, staffs measure about as tall as you are, and are larger in diameter than wands. Wands are usually no longer than the length of your arm (fingertip to elbow), and represent the powers of the mind. Because you make them from wood that still contains the vital essence of the tree, gandrs are excellent for use in magic, healing, protection, and power over the elements. They are used to draw runes in the air.

Norse Myths:

Odin - the principal Aesir god, ruler of heaven and Earth, and the god of war, wisdom, agriculture and poetry. As god of the dead, he presided over banquets of those slain in battle. With his brothers Vili and Ve he had killed the primordial frost giant Ymir and used Ymir's body to make all the different realms of the world, as well as the sea and sky. The brothers also created the first human beings, Ask and Embla. Odin was the supreme chief of the Aesir, a society of warrior gods, and though other gods were younger, more handsome, and even physically stronger, Odin's powers and wisdom were foremost. In war, Odin decided the fates of all warriors. He was master of magic and discovered the runes. He was also called All-Father.
Thor - the god of thunder and the sky. Thor was the eldest son of the chief deity, Odin, and Jorth. He was second only to Odin in importance and was probably the most popular god of the Norse pantheon. Thor had three principal possessions, a hammer (Mjöllnir), typifying thunder and lightning and having the virtue of returning to him after it was thrown, a belt (Meginjardir), which doubled his strength, and iron gloves to aid him in throwing his hammer.
Loki - A Giant who become the blood-brother of Odin. Son of the Giant Farbauti (Cruel Smiter) and Giantess Laufrey. Pleasing and handsome, evil in character, capricious in behavior, cunning, he is known as the Trickster God, called "Father of Lies", Shape-changer, Sky-Traveler. Originally, he was the God of Fire. He has fiery red hair and is extremely funny and witty. He would do anything to make people laugh. Eventually, his pranks devolved into practical jokes with a streak of viciousness. Loki ("Fire") first married Glut ("Glow"), who bore him two daughters, Eisa ("Embers") and Einmyria ("Ashes"). Besides this wife, Loki is also said to have wedded the Giantess Angr-boda ("Anguish-Boding") [possibly Gullveig] , who dwelt in Jötunheim, and who bore him the three monsters Hel, Goddess of death, the Midgard snake Iörmungandr, and the wolf Fenris. Loki also bore (as a female) Sleipnir, the eight legged horse, after a mating with a Giant stallion called Svadilfari. His last wife was Sigyn, with whom he had sons Vali and Narfi.
Aegir or Hler - He is usually depicted as an old man with a long white beard.The meaning of his name is associated with water. Aegir was the god of the seashore or ocean, and called the ruler of the sea. He was a personification of the ocean, and caused storms with his anger. Sailors feared Aegir, and thought he would sometimes surface to destroy ships. Because he was sometimes accused of sinking merchant vessels for the gold and other valuables they carried, he became known for his greed.
Baldur - The son of Odin and Frigg, was described as a very handsome and wise god. Some consider him to be a god of light since he was so bright (intelligent), light shined from him. Balder's wife was Nanna and they had a son named Forseti. At one point Balder had a foreboding dream. Odin rode to Hel's realm to wake a volva from the dead to find out the meaning of Balder's dream. Frigg asked all things to swear not to hurt Balder but didn't ask the mistletoe because it was so young. Loki, diguised as an old woman, visited Frigg and found out Balder was invunerable to everything but mistletoe. Loki then made a dart out of mistletoe and tricked the blind god Hod into throwing it at Balder -- all the other gods were playing games by throwing various items at Balder --, thus killing him. Nanna died of heartache after Balder's death and was burned with him on his funeral boat -- along with his chopped up horse and an unfortunate dwarf who Thor kicked in at the last minute. Hermod rode to Hel's realm and got her to agree to let Balder return to the living if all things would weep for him. One giantess named Thokk, Loki in disguise, refused to weep, so he remained dead and was cremated on his funeral boat, hringhorni. He is supposed to come back to life after the Ragnarok.
Frigg - She is the goddess of marriage and the wife of Odin. Another name for Frigg was Saga. Some people call Saga a goddess of history or a goddess of poetry, because the word Saga is connected to the word for history, and also refer to her as a daughter of Odin.
Tyr - He was the god of war, and the only god brave enough to put his hand in the Fenris-Wolf's mouth so the gods could bind it. When the wolf was bound, it bit off his right hand. In the Norse culture the right hand was given for a pledge, which could be why the right hand was placed in the wolf's mouth. It has also been noted, however, that the offering of the right hand is to show that it is free of weapons. A left handed person was sometimes considered evil because he could use a weapon with his left hand even though he shook with his right hand.
Freya - Goddess of fertility and war. She was the daughter of Njord, and the sister of Frey. Her daughters, by Od (no, not Odin, Od.), are named Hnoss, who is so beautiful that whatever is valuable and lovely is named "treasure" after her, and Gersemi.
Frey - god of weather and fertility. He ruled over the land of the light elves, Alfheim. He was the son of Njord and Njord's sister, and the brother of Freya. His step-mother was Skadi. He owned the ship Skidbladnir which was made for him by dwarves. It could sail on the land, sea, or through the air. It was large enough to hold all the gods, but it could be folded up and fit into a pocket. He also owned a chariot drawn by two boars, Gullinbursti and Slidrugtanni. He could ride Gullinbursti through the sky. It was made by dwarves for Loki to give to Frey. His wife was Gerd, a beautiful giantess who he fell in love with when he espied her from Odin's throne. He sent his servant, Skirnir, to win her for him. For this task, Frey lent Skirnir his sword which "swings itself if wise he who wields it" and his horse.
Heimdall - He watches the rainbow bridge, Bifrost , for the coming of the frost giants at the Ragnarok, when he will sound his horn, Gjallar. In the Ragnarok, he and Loki will kill each other. He never sleeps, can see in the dark, and can hear sheep wool growing.
Fenrir-Wolf - Fenrir is a gigantic and terrible monster in the shape of a wolf. He is the eldest child of Loki and the giantess Angrboda. The gods learned of a prophecy which stated that the wolf and his family would one day be responsible for the destruction of the world. They caught the wolf and locked him in a cage. Only the god of war, Tyr, dared to feed and take care of the wolf
Asgard - The home of the gods.
Valhalla - It is the paradise where the souls of great warriors go.
Ragnarok - It is the ultimate battle between good and evil.
Thrudvang – Thunder world.

Source
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